99.5% dbp plasticizer dibutyl phthalate for rubber shoes
99.5% dbp plasticizer dibutyl phthalate for rubber shoes
Dibutyl phthalate .Infobox references. Dibutyl phthalate ( DBP) is an organic compound which is commonly used as a plasticizer because of its low toxicity and wide liquid range. With the chemical formula C 6 H 4 (CO 2 C 4 H 9) 2, it is a colorless oil, although commercial samples are often yellow. [3]
Stability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated
Temperature, °C: 75 88 96 204 Max Ca2+ + Mg2+, mg/L: 2000 500 270 20 (from Moradi-Araghi and Doe, 1987) This precipitation problem can be overcome by copolymerizing acrylamide with monomer groups (such as AMPS or vinylpyrrolidone) that resist hydrolysis (Doe et al. 1987, Moradi-Araghi et al. 1987).
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Stability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated
Stability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated Temperatures in the Absence of Divalent Cations Seright, R.S.. S. ( New Mexico Tech) | Campbell, A.R.. R. ( New Mexico Tech) | Mozley, P.S.. S. ( New Mexico Tech) | Han, Peihui ( Daqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina) June, 2010– OnePetro
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Stability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated
3 At temperatures of 160°C and greater, the polymers were more stable in brine with 2% NaCl plus 1% NaHCO 3 than in the other brines. Even though no chemical oxygen scavengers or antioxidants were used in our study, we observed the highest level of thermal stability reported to date for these polymers.
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Theoretical studies of hydrolysis and stability of
Supporting: 2, Mentioning: 64 - At elevated temperatures in aqueous solution, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAM) experience hydrolysis of amide side groups. However, in the absence of dissolved oxygen and divalent cations, the polymer backbone can remain stable so that HPAM solutions were projected to maintain at least half their original viscosity for over 7 years at 100°C and about
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Stability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated
Supporting: 1, Mentioning: 105 - At elevated temperatures in aqueous solution, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAMs) experience hydrolysis of amide side groups. However, in the absence of dissolved oxygen and divalent cations, the polymer backbone can remain stable so that HPAM solutions were projected to maintain at least half their original viscosity for more than 8 years at 100°C
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Polyacrylamide degradation and its implications in - Nature
In brines containing large amounts of sodium chloride, but less than 20 ppm total hardness, polyacrylamides appear to be indefinitely stable, at least at temperatures up to 204/sup 0/C (400/sup 0/F). At hardness levels greater than this, polyacrylamide solutions pass through a sharp cloud point as their temperature is raised.
Inquiry NowStability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated
Stability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated Temperatures in the Absence of Divalent Cations Seright, R.S.. S. ( New Mexico Tech) | Campbell, A.R.. R. ( New Mexico Tech) | Mozley, P.S.. S. ( New Mexico Tech) | Han, Peihui ( Daqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina) June, 2010– OnePetro
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Drag reduction by acrylate copolymers under thermohydrolysis
Seright R.S., Campbell A., Mozley P. Stability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated Temperatures in the Absence of Divalent Cations; Proceedings of the SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry; Woodlands, TX, USA. 20–22 April 2009. [Google Scholar]
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Stability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated
Supporting: 2, Mentioning: 64 - At elevated temperatures in aqueous solution, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAM) experience hydrolysis of amide side groups. However, in the absence of dissolved oxygen and divalent cations, the polymer backbone can remain stable so that HPAM solutions were projected to maintain at least half their original viscosity for over 7 years at 100°C and about
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Stability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated
Supporting: 1, Mentioning: 105 - At elevated temperatures in aqueous solution, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAMs) experience hydrolysis of amide side groups. However, in the absence of dissolved oxygen and divalent cations, the polymer backbone can remain stable so that HPAM solutions were projected to maintain at least half their original viscosity for more than 8 years at 100°C
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Hydrolysis and precipitation of polyacrylamides in hard
Laboratory data are used to show that commercial polyacrylamides hydrolyze to an equilibrium degree that depends on the temperature of hydrolysis but is largely independent of the brine composition. At greater than 20 ppm hardness levels, polyacrylamide solutions pass through a sharp cloud point as their temperature is raised.
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Chemical stability limits of water-soluble polymers used in
At 90/sup 0/C (194/sup 0/F), hydrolysis was rapid and polyacrylamide solutions were stable to precipitation only when the divalent ion concentration was less than about 200 ppm. When the divalent ion concentration was zero, solution viscosity increased because of a further expansion of the polyelectrolyte coil.
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Determination of the concentrations of polyacrylamide-type
Stability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated Temperatures in the Absence of Divalent Cations. Randall Scott Seright;Andrew Campbell;Peter Mozley. SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry (2009)
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Drag reduction by acrylate copolymers under thermohydrolysis
Seright R.S., Campbell A., Mozley P. Stability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated Temperatures in the Absence of Divalent Cations; Proceedings of the SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry; Woodlands, TX, USA. 20–22 April 2009. [Google Scholar]
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Stability of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides at Elevated
Supporting: 2, Mentioning: 64 - At elevated temperatures in aqueous solution, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAM) experience hydrolysis of amide side groups. However, in the absence of dissolved oxygen and divalent cations, the polymer backbone can remain stable so that HPAM solutions were projected to maintain at least half their original viscosity for over 7 years at 100°C and about
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Investigation of the degradation and stability of acrylamide
Supporting: 1, Mentioning: 105 - At elevated temperatures in aqueous solution, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAMs) experience hydrolysis of amide side groups. However, in the absence of dissolved oxygen and divalent cations, the polymer backbone can remain stable so that HPAM solutions were projected to maintain at least half their original viscosity for more than 8 years at 100°C
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The effect of acrylic comonomers on the hydrolytic stability
The effect of acrylic comonomers on the hydrolytic stability of polyacrylamides at high temperature in alkaline solution Full Record Related Research Abstract A major cause of instability in acrylamide-based polymers used in tertiary oil recovery is hydrolysis of the amide groups, especially at alkaline pH and high temperatures.
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Impact of Salts on Polyacrylamide Hydrolysis and Gelation
The mechanism of the hydrolyzed polymer was studied by FTIR and 13 CNMR, which showed that the carbonyl group of PMAPTAC in solution was hydrolyzed into a carboxyl group, and the small molecule (3-aminopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride was generated, while the ester group of PDMC was hydrolyzed into the carboxyl group, and choline chloride was
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